Management - Efficiency and Effectiveness free essay sample

An administrator, as characterized by Bergman, Coulter, Robbins and Stagg (2009), is somebody who facilitates and regulates crafted by others with the goal that hierarchical objectives can be cultivated. Further to this definition the executives, which is basically what troughs do, includes guaranteeing that work exercises are finished proficiently and adequately. There are three explicit categorisation models to clarify what precisely it is that supervisors do: †¢Management Functions (Henry Fayol) †¢Management Roles (Henry Mintzberg) †¢Management Skills (Robert L.Katz) Throughout this task reference will be made to Ms Williams, a center administrator working for The National Library of Australia, whom I met so as to inspect these parts of Ms Williams’ work. Ms Williams is the ‘Manager of Offsite Reference Services’ at The National Library, a huge association inside the open area. Basically Ms Williams is liable for the nearby management of a group of staff, whom regarding the library inventories and databases and so on. give answers to library reference enquiries.Ms William’s should likewise invest energy at a few help focuses all through the library to furnish the general population with help when required. In this task I will talk about how every one of the administration models apply to Ms Williams’ work and how they are applicable to accomplishing proficiency and adequacy. The executives is on the whole worried about completing things and deciding how to get things achieved in spite of the fact that there is a discussion about whether more concern ought to go into ease creation or complete fulfillment of objectives and objectives.These two ways are known as the choices which separate adequacy and proficiency. Productivity and adequacy are regularly viewed as equivalents anyway when the definitions are inspected a qualification between the two can unmistakably be seen. Adequacy is ‘doing things right’ importance leading the correct exercises and applying the best techniques for upper hand. Productivity then again is ‘doing things right’ †it characterizes whether procedures are finished utilizing the least assets and in the most brief time possible.After breaking down these definitions one can see a reasonable contrast and see better how attempting to adjust both proficiency and viability can have significant ramifications for business everything being equal. Elite requires the proficient and compelling utilization of an organisation’s assets through administration capacities, jobs and abilities. Ms Williams’ set of working responsibilities, the administration of a little group of representatives accountable for noting an extensive number of refe rence enquiries, requests a significant level of productivity and adequacy as reactions must happen capably and inside a specific time frame.Henry Fayol, a French industrialist during the early long periods of the twentieth century, recommended that all troughs perform five capacities. These old style capacities give clear and discrete strategies for arranging the a huge number of various exercises that troughs do and the procedures they use as far as the capacities that perform for the accomplishment of hierarchical objectives (Carroll Dennis 1987).To assistance achieve this effectively Ms Williams in engaged with executing PC programming to help staff in reacting to enquiries just as composing rules and manuals to help staff individuals. The adequacy of Ms Williams’ group in estimated through procedure actualized by Ms Williams to guarantee enquires are replied inside assistance sanction cutoff times. The adequacy of the association can likewise be checked through Fayol’s controlling capacity. Ms Williams is accountable for directing every day checks of enquiries holding on to be replied and catching up with past due enquiries just as any grumblings the library has gotten to guarantee authoritative objectives are achieved.Further to Fayol’s f ive elements of the executives Henry Mintzberg, a conspicuous administration scientist, watched supervisors at work and presumed that there are ten administration jobs or ten explicit classifications of the board conduct which fall into three unique classifications: †¢Interpersonal (Figurehead, Leader, Liaison) †Involve individuals and different obligations that are stately and emblematic in nature †¢Informational (Disseminator, Monitor, Spokesperson) †Involve getting, gathering and scattering data †¢Decisional (Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, Resource allocator, Negotiator) †Roles that rotate around settling on choice When depicting the disseminator Ms Williams’ conveys the consequences of customary execution reports to other association individuals, encourages ordinary staff instructional meetings and passes on input from customers. This job is critical when planning to finish work productively and successfully and it takes into account regi ons expecting improvement to be distinguished and essential changes to be made either by Ms Williams as a center administrator, or top level administration. There are a wide range of administration focuses around the library at which the overall population can approach a library staff part for help and data up close and personal. Ms Williams is regularly selected to these diverse assistance focuses and as such turns into a nonentity for the National Library and in this job Ms Williams can productively give the open the data they require.One of the most pertinent jobs Ms Williams plays with respect to the proficiency and viability of her work is that of the business person. In this job Ms Williams is an individual from various diverse controlling gatherings inside the association †staffing coordination, Web 2. 0 gathering and the index improvement venture gathering. In these gatherings Ms Williams can assistant in the administration of reference programming, including undertaking the testing of new programming, empowering her to impact programming decisions which directly affect the degree of effectiveness feasible by the association . So as to all the more likely play out their obligations supervisor require certain aptitudes subordinate upon their degree of the executives. Another conspicuous analyst, Robert L.Katz, found that supervisors require three fundamental aptitude types: †¢Technical †Knowledge of and capability in a specific particular field †¢Human †The capacity to function admirably with others separately and in a gathering †¢Conceptual †The capacity to ponder unique and complex circumstances Ms Williams began working at the National Library in a non-administrative situation in which she obtained a monstrous measure of specialized information. So as to give the responses to open enquiries broad information on library inventories and databases is basic and the more prominent the degree of information, the more productively reactions can be aggregated. This information has been held regardless of her headway inside the association and so as to lead her group Ms William’s has created brilliant administrative information. This coupling of administrative and specialized aptitudes is vital as to accomplishing p roficiency and effectiveness.O’Neal (1985, as refered to in Fleet Peterson 2004) expressed that without these central abilities â€Å"managers can't successfully design, direct, control, or evaluate work exercises. † Human abilities are important to all troughs as they are continually working with others and Ms Williams work in no special case. The greater part of Ms Williams’ time is spent intently overseeing a group of staff individuals and this closeness offers incredible consolation to all colleagues to keep up a significant level of proficiency and viability. Proof of the proficiency and adequacy Ms Williams’ administrative occupation prompts can be seen all through the capacities, jobs and abilities of the executives she performs.Organising is the most basic capacity Ms Williams’ engaged with and with 16,000 enquiries for each year to answer effectiveness as essential. So as to convey reactions to the open the representative job is fundamental while focusing on proficiency and adequacy. Specialized abilities are crucial for Ms Williams’ as her activity spins around the productive and powerful utilization of the library and its frameworks. By breaking down Ms Williams’ position we can set up why productivity and viability are applicable to her activity. At the point when we analyze he r activity corresponding to the distinctive administrative capacities, aptitudes and jobs we can find out precisely how it is she can accomplish productivity and viability inside the working environment.

Challenges: Struggle and Arnold Spirit Jr

Difficulties Challenges, battles are consistently a piece of human life. Difficulties are to trial of one's capacities. Battle what makes individuals more grounded truly and genuinely it’s a trouble, clashes that individuals face to be achievement. It is difficult to acknowledge demands and battle and accomplish what you have been tested for. In a novel called The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie the primary character name Arnold Spirit Jr. was conceived in a poor Indian family and lived in an Indian reservation.Junior is a kid who needed to accomplish something else, diverse at that point individuals in his rez have ever done. His life consistently brings new difficulties and battled a ton. Life consistently brings difficulties and battles yet the most significant thing is the manner by which you acknowledge demands and battle so as to succeed. Arnold soul Jr. Life is started with a test He was brought into the world with cerebral spinal liquid an d forty two teeth. Specialists said he won't endure or only a living article â€Å"even in the event that I some way or another endure the small scale Hoover.I should endure genuine mind harm during the strategy and live the remainder of his live as a vegetable† (page # 2). Because of his mind harm he had visual perception issue. However, he endure he was fine an experienced his live regularly. He was conceived in a poor Indian family were they live in Indian reservation. They some of the time need to rest void stomach, â€Å"My family misses a feast, and rest is the main thing we have for dinner† (page #8). One of his closest companion name Oscar his pet. He lost him since he and his family didn’t have cash to fix him.In disdain of being poor and losing his pet Oscar he comprehended that his family is poor. He controlled his resentment he had towards his family and him being poor. He learned and comprehended that it wasn’t his or his parent’s flaw that they are poor. His indignation level expanded and he gained out of power when he saw her mother’s name on his book. He needed to concentrate so old book. His educator acknowledges and discloses to him that he is solid and he has trust in his life that he can satisfy it. He doesn’t need to carry on with his life like others. He at that point concluded that his life won't resemble others in rez he at that point chose to concentrate in other school to satisfy his fantasy and objective. One of the most significant test in his life was the point at which he chose to think past what he have thought previously, No one in his family or in his rez have ever thought of doing he chose to leave his rez school and join another school where white individuals concentrates in Readan. He needed to confront numerous issues and battled a ton so as to proceed to consider and be what he needs to be in life.His best and his solitary companion in rez Rowdy was not, at this point his co mpanion. He was separated from everyone else as he was the main Indian in that school. He was being tormented being called by various names in his new school as he was Indian. Regardless of all his concern battled he acknowledged it as a demand. He battled with roger an understudy who harassed him all the time he punched him. Understudies began knowing him he was done being tormented or an obscure in school. He increased sure on himself. He began making companions. Indeed, even Roger turned into his friend.As he was truly feeble than others he despite everything joined ball group were understudies in his group were huge and tuff. It was difficult for him to join the group however he did it he substantiated himself that he can do it. He buckled down one his determination were he needed to confront roger one on one so as to be chosen he lost a few time however he didn’t surrender. His mentor motivated him a ton it was him who made him solid, his recommendation, â€Å"The natur e of a man’s life is in direct extent to his promise to greatness, respect less of his picked field of endeavor† (page #148).He then began playing game so great that he became star of Readan. He lost his loves one individuals who he rouses and cherishes. He lost his grandma his father’s companion Eugene and his sister. Their demise made him steamed and discouraged his however he despite everything figured out how to control himself and satisfy his greatest test. Life isn't simple I accept battle and difficulties are portions of live. Regardless of who you are what you are life consistently brings difficulties and struggles.Life consistently brings difficulties and battles yet the most significant thing is the manner by which you acknowledge your demands and battle so as to succeed Arnold Sprit Jr. confronted difficulties and battles from the very first moment of his life. Regardless of every one of his issues throughout his life he oversaw and made due from all h is battle and difficulties. I generally realized that regardless of what I need to confront difficulties in life as Arnold did. Numerous well known individuals in this world like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther ruler and Christopher Columbus acknowledged demands throughout everyday life and succeeded.

The List List #52

The List List #52 at The Hugo Awards, 2013 Nominees at Huffington Post  Books, 17 Body Facts from Mary Roachs GULP at LitStack, Staff Pick  Favorite Shakespeare  Characters at LitReactor, 6 Types of Poems to Banish Writers Block at  Flavorwire, References to David Foster Wallace on Last Weeks Parks and Recreation at Melville House, 5 Writers on Margaret Thatcher (and 5 Songs Inspired by Her) at PWxyz,The 10 Best Small Towns in  Books at The Chicago Tribunes Printers Row, New  Books About Baseball at The Guardian, 10 Best  Books About Grieving at Virginia Quarterly Review, 5 Book Designers on Books That  Inspire Them at Publishers Weekly, The Bestselling  Books of 2013 So Far at The Mary Sue,  World War Z Fan Posters _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter or like us on Facebook. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day.

Analysis Of The Primary Reason Of China s Urban...

Qianer Wu SPEA-V161 Solution paper Hukou System, the Primary Reason of China’s Urban Overpopulation Poverty, a state in which income is insufficient to provide basic necessities, is a worldwide problem that relates to the living conditions of people and the economic growth of a country. Despite the remarkable increase in per capital income and decline in poverty, China still faces many challenges to reduce urban overpopulation and wealth gap caused by state policies such as Hukou System, a household registration system which requires every Chinese citizen to be officially and constantly registered with the Hukou police from birth and reduces the possibility of geographic and social mobility. In 1958, Chinese special household†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the Hukou system largely prevents the migration from rural to urban by restricting residential areas of citizens. It makes rural people more difficult to make a living in progressive cities and flouring environment. The differentiated treatments for urban and rural areas mean limiting the growth of economics and the beginning of the wealth gap between rural area and urban area. As the developing of factories and trading, urban people are easier to get a high payment and stable job in the city and enjoy the subsidies from the government every month. Depending on the data in the China Statistical Yearbook, the ratio of per capital income between rural areas to urban areas in 1978 was 1:3. From 1988 to 1995, the percent of real income increased in big cities like Beijng was 81.9% and in rural areas like Gansu Province was only 0.6%. The lack of subsidies on the medical care in a rural area also enforces the poverty. In 1980, approximately 40% of patients who need hospital treatments had to remain at home due to the poor medical care in rural. Nearly 70% of families under the poverty line were because of the illness and sick. All these differences push people to move to cities for higher payment job and more opportunities. Although people want to migrate to the more developed cities, the Hukou system limits the opportunities for them to develop in cities. However, there are still millions of rural people moving to the big cities to seek for opportunities each

Epilepsy And Its Effects On The Central Nervous System

Hannah Rackley Biology A Warren September 26, 2016 Epilepsy Epilepsy refers to a seizure disorder where the central nervous system does not function properly. It is a neurological disorder. It is when nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures. There is no cure for epilepsy, but there are treatments to help limit the number of seizures. Most people that have epilepsy live normal lives with some or no restrictions. Most people outgrow their seizures once they get to adulthood. Seventy percent of people with epilepsy are diagnosed before the age of twenty and thirty percent develop a seizure disorder after the age of twenty. Understanding epilepsy’s origin, symptoms, diagnosis process, treatment options, and effects on daily life will eventually lead to a cure. The first book written about epilepsy was by the Greek physician, Hippocrates. It was written around 400B.C. and was titled On the Sacred Disease. Hippocrates’ book is believed to be the first record of a person suffering from epilepsy. On the Sacred Disease laid the foundation for the education of epilepsy. Although it included some misleading myths, it also contained many truths about the disease. Epilepsy was called the sacred disease because people believed that the seizures were administrated by demonic spirits. People believed the seizures were sent by the gods to punish someone who had done wrong. Around 1494 A.D. Heinrich Kramer, a German Catholic clergyman, wrote Malleus Maleficarum. ItShow MoreRelatedNervous Systems And The Nervous System1386 Words   |  6 Pages The nervous system is a system of nerve cells and fibres that transmit electrical impulses throughout the whole body. The nervous system is made up of two systems; the central nervous system or CNS and the peripheral nervous system or PNS. 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Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Profit Margin Percentage Free Essays

Place your name and the date at the top of the page, and answer the following questions making sure you SHOW YOUR WORK. 1. A hardware store bought a gross (12 dozen) of hammers, paying $602. We will write a custom essay sample on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Profit Margin Percentage or any similar topic only for you Order Now 40 for the total order. The retailer estimated operating expenses for this product to be 35% of sales, and wanted a net profit of 5% of sales. The retailer expected no markdowns. What retail selling price should be set for each hammer? [Hint: The way to handle this problem is to say that the Gross Profit Margin has to cover the 35% of expenses applicable to the product plus the 5% of net profit wanted. And once you know the GPM%, you know the Cost percentage of the Selling Price. ] 2. Competition in a line of sporting goods limits the selling price on a certain item to $25. If the store owner feels a margin of 35% is needed to cover expenses and return a reasonable profit, what is the most the owner can pay for this item? [Hint: Remember, if you know the margin percentage, then you know the cost percentage. ] 3. A retailer with annual net sales of $2 million maintains a markup of 66. 67% based on cost. Operating expenses average 35%. What are the retailer’s gross margin and net profit in dollars? [Hint: A Markup on Cost is equivalent to what Gross Profit Margin percentage? ] 4. The cost to a manufacturer of flat panel displays for producing its newly designed TV Display 1000 is $250. 00. The cost for Research and Development of their new product being sold to OEMs as a component product has been one million dollars. The sales and promotional budget is $600,000, and all other fixed costs amount to $200,000. The Marketing Director and his staff have estimated demand for the new display to be between 50,000 and 75,000 units over the next year. They also have decided to price the new Display 1000 at $450 to their OEM customers. (a) How many Display 1000s does the manufacturer have to sell in order to breakeven? (b) What is the manufacturer’s unit contribution to profit in percentage? (c) What is the manufacturer’s markup on cost in percentage? How to cite Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Profit Margin Percentage, Papers

Get Solution on Liquidity and Financial Resources Business

Question: Write an essay onLiquidity and financial resources. Answer: Company overview: Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd is involved in production and distribution of milk product, milk powder, condensed milk, fruit juice etc. The organization was incorporated during the year of 1963 having its base in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd operates as subsidiary of Frint Beheer IV BV. The organization provides dairy products under the brand name of Dutch Lady, Frisolac, Friso. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd was earlier known as Dutch Baby Milk Industries (Malay) Berhad and altered its name to Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd in the year 2000. 5 year financial analysis The financial statement of Dutch lady Milk is assessed on the basis of historical cost as disclosed by the organization in its report. All the financial information is represented to the nearest of thousand unless or otherwise stated by the organization. It is to be noted that the financial statement is prepared in accordance with the accounting policies. This requires management to make judgments and estimations, which affects the utilities of accounting policies and the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. However, the actual results may differ from these estimates (Frank and Pamela 2016). According to the financial report analysis, it is understood that no contingent liabilities in relation to the companies has appeared at the end of the financial year. According to reports no other liabilities is enforceable during the span of five years in the opinion of directors, affecting the sustainability of the organization to meet the liabilities when they fall due . As stated by directors of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd, the financial performance of the organization over the span of five years has not been substantially effected by any financial tools, transactions or events of material and extraordinary nature, nor has any event took place during the interval of the financial year and as per the date of the report. Financial assets: According to McDonnell et al. (2015), it is to be understood that the profit and loss account represents fair value of the financial assets, which are used for trading purpose. Revenues generated by the organization shows that during the financial year of 2011, the net amount of revenues was 810.6 million which continued its rising trend and after the span of five years, it stood for 1007.7 million. This shows that revenues grew by 191 million in the span of five years. Recognition and measurement: Items of plant and equipment are considered at cost. The analysis of financial statement shows that cost also consists of expenses, which is proportionately related to the acquirement of assets and any other cost. These are directly related to the assets, which are intended to use in the working condition. It is to be also noted that the cost of self-constructed assets also consists of the cost of materials and direct labour involved in the production procedure. According to the financial report, significant part of items of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted as separate items of property, plant and equipment. The analysis of financial reports shows that profit and loss on sales of item property, plant and equipment is determined by comparing the financial revenues obtained from the disposal with the carrying cost of plant and equipment. It is recognized in the form of other income and other expenses respectively in the statement of profit a nd loss account. Depreciation: According to the financial report, depreciation is calculated based on the cost of an asset after deducting the residual value (Radu and Marius 2011). Several elements of individual assets is evaluated and if the component is believed to have a useful life, which is dissimilar from the reminder of that fixed asset, then those assets, are depreciated independently. As per the financial reports the earnings per share of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad during the financial year of 2011 shows 398.5 million. However, it rose to 412.5 million in the span of five years by 14 million. This shows that the revenues earned through share capital is stable and it is projected to grow more during the next five years. On the other hand the net assets backing per share stood 259.2 in the financial year of 2011 however, it fell down to 157.2 million which represents a negative amount as there is a sharp decline in net assets backing per share. Liquidity and financial resources:As on 31st December 2 015 Dutch Lady Milk Industrys cash and cash equivalents amounted to RM 47.8 million which was comparatively 9.2 million higher from the last fiscal year. The effective tax rate for the fiscal year of 2015 stood at 25.3% (Dutchlady.com 2016). The analysis of financial report on the parameters of five years shows that the excess cash were transferred based on short-term fixed deposit. The deposits were placed with the certified monetary institutions, carrying the interest rate at an average of 3.7% in the fiscal year of 2015. Major investment undertaken by the corporation: In the financial of 2015, Dutch Lady Milk Industries is focused on making innovations on the companys product portfolio. It took the major investment policy of re-launching some of the growing range of milk products with the help of enhanced formula, the first in the Malaysian markets to offer nutrition customized milk to meet the childs mental growth needs (Adibah Wan Ismail et al. 2013). On the other hand, the corporation also undertook investment policies by introducing the new Dutch Lady Pure Farm brand for both flavored and unflavored milk. This shows the organization degree of commitment to continue delivering delicious and nutritious milk. Dutch Lady Milk Industries also employs high quality expertise so that it can improve the quality of the product, reinforce its positions as one of the leaders in powder milk under the category of children, and ready to drink milk. Dutch Lady Milk Industries continued its indulgence in the dairy advancement program by assisting the domestic dairy farmers to ensure the sustainability of operation. Expansion program also consists of introducing the concept of farmer-to-farmer program in association with the branch of veterinary services. On the implementation of development program, it has been observed that domestic farmers have managed to increase the quality of local fresh milk. Dutch Lady Milk Industries marked its steps towards making optimized operating systems in factory by upgrading it to automated and robotic powder line. Speaking about the shareholders, the organization made a payment of RM140.8 million in the form of interim dividends during the fiscal of 2015. The organization also wishes to inform its shareholders that the payment of special interim dividend is almost dependent on the operational needs and business activities during the financial year of 2015 (Raei and Pouyanfar 2012). Investment also includes investment made in plant and equipment of business, which are completely depreciable assets. The es timated sum of investment is approximately RM 60,238,000. On the other hand, leasehold land consists of the land with unexpired lease for a period of 20 years for organizations factory premises, office premises and storehouse that is located in Petaling Jaya. The lease is expected to end in the year of 2035 and the organization does not have the choice of purchasing the leased land at the end of lease span. During the year of 2015, the company has also invested in the optimization of newer productions machinery for higher capacity and efficiency. Future investment opportunities over the next decade: Dutch Lady Milk Industries foresees the next ten years ahead in the prospect of present financial outlook. Nevertheless, from the fiscal year 2016 onwards the organization will stay devoted towards improving the strength of organization by offering quality products to its consumers. Dutch Lady Milk Industries is looking forward to invest in product portfolio innovation of its powdered milk brand. Dutch Lady Milk Industries is looking to execute the launch of two major products for refreshment purpose, which includes 73% of the corporations product portfolio (Dutchlady.com 2016). As it was observed that during the fiscal year of 2015 the process of re-branding of Dutch Lady Milk where the organization re-invented all its flavored and unflavored fluid milk under the new brand of Dutch Lady Pure Farm brand name. The organization is looking forward to bring up its commitment alive through implementing programs of Dutch Lady Pure Farm so that Malaysian households can take pleasure from th e same quality of milk that Dutch Farmers share with the families. On the other hand, future investment opportunities for the organization includes launching of childrens powder milk by introducing new Dutch Lady Nutri-Plan with improved formula of 5x DHA (Dutchlady.com 2016). Perhaps enhancing the range of formulated milk for children will bring about an innovating change in nutritional level aimed at improving the milestones and mental growth needs. The above stated product launches will be supported by diversity of in-store advertising and channel customized with sales promotional activities. Some of the major investment projects identified by Dutch Lady Milk Industries over the course of next ten years is listed below; Discussion of competitiveness in the light of its financing activities: Dutch Lady Milk Industry financial analysis also covers the aspects of competitiveness based on the income statement, balance sheet and cash flows illustrates on five year trends. The current report outlines that profitability, margin analysis, assets turnover and the organizations long-term solvency. This kind of information will help in strengthening and assisting the strength of the organizations decision-making process. The report also takes into the account Dutch Lady Milk Industries competitors along with the industry as whole, the information gained after the analysis of the companys financial statement based on the detailed information about the interior and exterior factors, which affects the relevancy of the industry (Walker and Madsen 2016). The financial report also provides that the relevant analysis has been conducted on the PR-activities and stock price movements of the Dutch lady Milk Industries. Stock price movements are interrelated with the pertinent news and press release from the annual and quarterly forecast, which offers the market experts with the concept of competitive environment and analyzing the market research framework of the organization. The vitality of such information helps in creating the principle trends of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad business entity. The financing activities states that the organization engages in the production and distribution of sweetened condensed milk, milk powder, toned milk with reduced fats, dairy milk product and fruit juice drinks used centrally in Malaysia (Huo et al. 2013). The financial report of the organization gives a reflection of the organization other areas of business, which represents that it also manufactures UHT milk, infant formula, cultured milk and yoghurt. The financial report provides that direct comparison can be made amid Dutch Lady Milk Industries and its competitors. Such competitive environments provide the clients with a clear understanding of the companys competitive information in the food and beverage industries. Financial management and capital policy: Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd agreed to adopt certain policies on the monetary risk management for the purpose of numerous risk exposures over the span of ten years. During the current financial year the company has made its entry in the US dollar forward exchange contracts in order to administer the foreign exchange exposure. This arises from the organizations receipts and payments denominated in the currency apart from the operational foreign exchange of the organization. Credit risk: Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd has undertaken the policy of dealing with the credit worthy customers over the span of ten years on the basis careful assessment of consumers monetary condition and the historical credit records. Such historical credit records can be used to mitigate the danger of fiscal loss from default of payments (Haimes 2015). The corporation is also looking forward to expand its customers base and limit the credit concentration on single consumers. The organization is looking forw ard in the span of ten years to mitigate the credit risk by making an arrangement of the licensed financial institution. Such financial institutions enable the selected trade customers to pay goods invoice through corporate purchasing cards issued by the financial institution. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd is also looking forward to establish a credit supervising policies and process concerning its other trade consumers. Liquidity risk: Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd is looking forward in the direction of preserving the degree of cash and cash equivalents along with facilities provided by bank whichever the administration may deem adequate to make sure maintaining a level of sufficient liquidity of funds. Creating and maintaining the liquidity of funds will enable the organization to meet its liabilities whenever it falls due. The organizations exposure to liquidity of risk arises principally from both trade and other payables. Market risks: Market risk can be defined as the risk t hat shifts with the market requirement such as overseas currency rates and policies, rate of interest and other charges that will be effecting the monetary position and cash flow statement of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd. During the financial year of 2015, the raw materials prices have fallen in comparison to the last fiscal year (Chugh 2016). However, to further avoid any such fall in prices the organization undertakes the market risks to combat the changing market prices. Currency risk: Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd is currently exposed to the risk of the foreign currency during the sales and purchase which are denominated under the domestic currency apart from the operating currency of the business entity. Hence, the currency paves the rise of risk denominating from US dollars and Euro that significantly contributes to 64.5% of the overall exposure. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd has implemented the monitoring of foreign currency risk over the next decades in order to review t he exchange rate of foreign currency by comparing with the unfavorable rate of the previous financial year. Risk relating to interest rate: Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd is currently not exposed to the risk of changes in cash flow as because the organization currently has no borrowing at the end of the financial year 2015. It has put in place short term deposits with the licensed financial institutions, which are potentially not vulnerable to the risk of changes arising in interest rate. Therefore, short-term receipts and payments are not considerably open to the elements of interest rate risk. Capital commitments: Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd is total capital commitment is authorized but it is not contracted for 31 December 2020 amounted to RM 20.5 million (Dutchlady.com 2016). This is centrally the investment made in order to maintain the existing factory premise located in the Petaling Jaya. As on 31st December 2016 onwards, the organization is also looking forward to pledge a ny assets in order to expand its current financial institutions. Capital management: Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd financial objectives is to preserve a strong base of working capital and safeguard its assets so that it continues to exists as a going concern in order to maintain the investors relations, credit and market confidence to sustain the future of business. The board of directors observes the return on capital, which the organization has defined the resource activities after dividing the total activity, which is attributable to the owners of the company. The owners of the organization ensure that an adequate balance is made to assists the future course of expansion of organization and payment of dividend to the shareholders of corporation. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd has proposed in the latest annual general meeting of the company held in Atlanta Ballroom for commencing the project on product portfolio innovation. The organization is assisting the domestic farmers to en sure sustainability of operational functions of milk production. The organization foresee as a challenging investment opportunity in contrast to the current economic outlook in the next decade to increase its volume of productions. The origination is devoted to leveraging the strength of the Dutch Lady Brand in order to improve the quality of product and introduce diversified range of products to offer customers with the variety of products to choose. The organization is looking forward to continue its investment in product innovation portfolio to educate and make the consumers aware of the significance of quality dairy product. This enables the Malaysian populations to move ahead in their daily life with the help of trustworthy dairy nutrition products. Speaking about the amount of investment to be made in the proposed projects for product portfolio innovation a sum of RM 5,000,000 million is estimated to be initial sum of investment, which will be required for this project (Dutchl ady.com 2016). The proposed project is based on a span of ten years to achieve the desired goal of bringing innovation in its current milk product. Below is the projected cash flow and cost summary of the project. Future development in Fintech Dutch Lady Milk Industry board of directors is committed to implementing responsible and sustainable corporate practices. The organization has undertaken the financial policy to sustain the stakeholders engagement under current financial information. According to the current financial policy undertaken, the total amount of debt equity fund for the financial year 2015 is 64,000 RM however the retained earnings for the financial year represent 93,219 RM. This signifies that the organization liquidity position is sustainable over the next five or ten years. As per the financial report Dutch Lady Milk Industries has also kept a reserve of Financing cost of 3,608 RM which form a vital source of fund for financing its future prospects of business undertakings. Pessimistic Scenario: Assumptions for different scenarios of NPV analysis:The net present value represents the variance between the present value of overall cash inflow and the present value of the overall cash outflow from the business. Therefore, NPV represents a mechanism of capital budgeting to evaluate profitability of a project. In this case, the realistic scenario assumes the required rate of return to be 10%. Consequently, we calculate the discounted cash flow based on the required rate of return and thereby the total discounted cash flow. The initial investment is deducted from the total discounted cash flow to get the net present value of the project. The net present value of the project is enumerated to be 5116786 in case of the realistic scenario that assumes 10% required rate of return for the project. However, in case of the optimistic scenario, the required rate of return is assumed to be 12%. Consequently, we arrive at the discounted cash flow based on the present value factor calculated o n the required rate of return. Thereafter, we get the net present value of the project by subtracting the initial investment from the total discounted cash flow from the project. The net present value of the project in case of the optimistic scenario is calculated to be 4177471. Again, in case of the optimistic scenario, the required rate of return is expected to be 8% and accordingly the net present value from the project is calculated to 6203005. Viability of business: It is noteworthy to denote that the dairy sector is understood as one of the important industry, especially in relation to the rural and semi-urban development. Dutch Lady Milk Industry current aim is to offer high quality protein and micro nutrients which generally lacking in cereal-based diets as diet milks are usually vital for childrens and child bearing mother. The organization has also aimed to improve the productivity level to 1 million liters of milk production annually with the implementation of new product innovation.The business is viable as the ultimate factor that drives the optimization production and the business willingness to adopt new technologies, which enables more productivity with less reduced investment cost (Brown 2012). Farmers are producing more volume of milk per cow and the dairy process has managed to maximize the dairy process by increasing the output and minimizing the cost of operations. According to the reports obtained, it is estimated that the world wide sales of dairy products have forecasted to pass the reach $600 billion annually soon. The decision undertaken by the organization is centrally aimed at enhancing the productivity of dairy milk. Below listed are the underlying reasons for the increasing demand for dairy products and increase in the rise of the exports are due to the following reasons;a. Growth in populations b. Popularity of dairy products c. Westernization of diets in order to include more dairy d. Generating broader array and application of dairy products An overview of the business viability in Malaysia: It is believed that substantial growth for expansion of dairy industry exists in Malaysia by bringing the old and primitive cattle systems into the formal dairy systems. In a country like Malaysia, the report suggests that dairy products contributes majority of the domestic household sector at a percentage of 45-50% of the livestock (Born and feifer 2014). Hence, dairy products are an important source of livelihood for urban and semi-urban sector which dynamically contributes the Malaysian economy. According to reports, the ever-changing landscape of dairy farming is significant to clearly establish the factors which influence the profitability of Dutch Lady Milk Industries. The organization also takes into the account the various regional variations such as cultures, different types of animal breeds, infrastructure livestock and commercial orientations determining the viability of business. In order to ensure that the complete analysis of the factors surrounding the profitability an d viability of business the proposed projects involves the following considerations;A database has been built by the organization to uphold the fixed cost and gross margin analysis is conducted to record the outputs an variable cost that has been allocated to each job specified under the proposed project. Possible risk affecting the NPV of project undertaken by the corporation:Economic risk: It is noteworthy to denote that the risk in the economic environment is related to the market namely demand and supply (Fei et al. 2012). Hence, the prices of farms inputs and outputs inflation and prevailing rate on interest, which affects the NPV of the Business Corporation and productivity through the availability of merit and new technology. Political risk: Political risk, which could affect the NPV of the project undertaken by the corporation, consists of the government policies, which can considerably affect the price of the commodity, credit cost, exchange rates and market availability (D orfman and Cather 2012). On the other hand, other political risk, which can influence NPV, is the political ideology of moving from a socialistically planned economy to a capitalistically free market economy. Long-term and Short-term risk: Altering the price of the product and yields are considered as short-term risk because the cost of vital variable inputs such as concentrated fertilizers are either known or determined by the farmer during the time of decision-making (Haimes 2015). While in the long-term yield process, the price and cost variables are uncertain due to the uncertain climatic cost. All these factors may affect the NPV of the business. Reasoned Recommendations based on the project viability: Increasing the variety of processing channels: Dutch Lady Milk Industries should promote and engage itself into vertical integration of raw milk products such as infant milk, toned milk etc. This will help the company to sell their dairy products at a relatively lower price than currently increasing the profitability of the dairy farmer. Implementing transparency in the distribution chain: It is recommended that the Dutch Lady Milk Industry should increase more transparency in the distribution chain through implementing co-operative and processor chain. This could encourage the mutual benefits of maximizing the quantity and quality of milk produced and equal benefits of the distribution chain can be achieved. Reference list Frank, J.F. and Pamela, P.P., 2016. Financial Management and Analysis.Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015. Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning.Brown, R., 2012. Analysis of investments management of portfolios.Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013. Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning.Shu, S.B., Zeithammer, R. and Payne, J.W., 2016. Consumer Preferences for Annuity Attributes: Beyond Net Present Value. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(2), pp.240-262.Pasqual, J., Padilla, E. and Jadotte, E., 2013. Technical note: equivalence of different profitability criteria with the net present value. International Journal of Production Economics, 142(1), pp.205-210.McDonnell, J.B., Coogan, P.F., Hogan, W.E. and Vagts, D.F., 2015. Securitization of Financial Assets Under Article 9. Secured Transactions Under the UCC, 1.Radu, D. and Marius, D., 2011. Issues related to the accounting treatment of the tangible and intangible assets depreciation. Annals of the Universit y of Oradea, Economic Science Series20 (2), pp.498-502.Adibah Wan Ismail, W., Anuar Kamarudin, K., Van Zijl, T. and Dunstan, K., 2013. Earnings quality and the adoption of IFRS-based accounting standards: Evidence from an emerging market. Asian Review of Accounting,21(1), pp.53-73.Raei, R. and Pouyanfar, A., 2012. Advanced investment management.Tehran: samt.Walker, G. and Madsen, T.L., 2016. Modern competitive strategy. McGraw-Hill Education.Huo, B., Qi, Y., Wang, Z. and Zhao, X., 2014. The impact of supply chain integration on firm performance: The moderating role of competitive strategy.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(4), pp.369-384.Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013. Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning.Dorfman, M.S. and Cather, D.A., 2012. Introduction to risk management and insurance. Pearson Higher Ed.Spronk, J., Steuer, R.E. and Zopounidis, C., 2016. Multicriteria decision aid/analysis in finance. In Multiple Criteria Decision Ana lysis (pp. 1011-1065). Springer New York.Born, B. and Pfeifer, J., 2014. Policy risk and the business cycle. Journal of Monetary Economics, 68, pp.68-85.Chugh, S.K., 2016. Firm risk and leverage-based business cycles. Review of Economic Dynamics, 20, pp.111-131.Conforti, R., De Leoni, M., La Rosa, M. and Van Der Aalst, W.M., 2013, June. Supporting risk-informed decisions during business process execution. In International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering(pp. 116-132). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Guerra, M.L., Magni, C.A. and Stefanini, L., 2014. Interval and fuzzy Average Internal Rate of Return for investment appraisal. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 257, pp.217-241.Buttle, M., Vyas, D. and Spinks, C., 2013. Evaluating the financial viability and resource implications for new business models in the dairy sector.Banbury, Oxon: Wrap.Ferwerda, J., 2014. Cost-benefit analysis. Chapters.Mishan, E.J., 2015. Elements of Cost-Benefit Analysis (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.F ei, F., Fuertes, A.M. and Kalotychou, E., 2012. Credit rating migration risk and business cycles. Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 39(1 2), pp.229-263.Haimes, Y.Y., 2015. Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons.www.Dutchlady.com, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.dutchlady.com

Zoroaster Outline Essay Example

Zoroaster Outline Essay Zoroastrianism l. Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion that was once widespread in the Near East and Middle East. (Molloy 438) A. It spread widely, but is now mostly present in India. (Molloy 438) B. Some see possible influence on the development of Essenes, early Christianity, and Islam. (Molloy 438) II. The prophet Zoroaster, the founder of the religion, was born about 650 BCE in what is now Iran. (Molloy 438) A. He was surrounded by the worship of nature gods, common to his area of upbringing. (Molloy 438) i. He did not believe in his religions practices of the sacrifice of animals at the fire ltars and the power of the priests. (Molloy 438) B. At age 30, Zoroaster experienced a vision which completely changed his life. (Molloy 438) i. He felt himself transported to heaven by a spirit he called Vohu Manah (good mind) into the presence of the High God Ahura Mazda (wise lord). (Molloy 438) C. Zoroasters new message was initially met with strong rejection, which he blamed on demons (daevas) and the satanic head of evil forces, Angra Mainyu (wicked spirit). (Molloy 438) i. His bitter experiences made him have further belief in good vs. evil. Molloy 438) D. Eventually Zoroasters teachings reached an Iranian King named Vishtaspa, and he used his power to spread Zoroasters new religion. (Molloy 438) Ill. Zoroastrianism has one sacred religious text, called The Avesta. (Boyce 238) A. It is supposed to be written by Zoroaster himself, and includes the seventeen Gathas (hymns), Yasna Haptanhaiti (Worship of the Seven Chapters, a short liturgy accompanying the daily act of priestly worship), and two very holy manthras. (Boyce 238) B. We will write a custom essay sample on Zoroaster Outline specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zoroaster Outline specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zoroaster Outline specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The entirety of The Avesta was written down in Iran, under the Sasanian ynasty, and was then a massive compilation in twenty-one books. (Boyce 238) C. Only a few copies were made, and in the destruction which later attended the Arab, Turkish, and Mongol conquests of Iran all were destroyed. (Boyce 238) D. The surviving Avesta consists of liturgies, hymns, and prayers. (Boyce 238) V. Zoroastrianism revolves around the war between good and evil, which are always present. (Hinnells 81) A. Zoroaster taught that God was the sole Good Creator of all things, of sun, moon and stars, of the spiritual and material worlds, of man and beast. Hinnells 81) B. He (Ahura Mazda) is in no way responsible for evil in the world; this comes from the Destructive Spirit (Angra Mainyu) whose nature is violent and destructive. (Hinnells) C. The world is a battleground in which the forces of good and evil do battle. (Hinnells) D. The spirit of light and good in the world is known as Spenta Mainyu (holy spirit ). (Molloy 438) V. Zoroastrianism has belief of divine Judgement and in an afterlife of reward or punishment, which begins at death. (Molloy 438) A. During life, humans are involved in a cosmic struggle between good and evil. Molloy 438) a) These good actions may consist of: telling the truth, dealing honestly with others, cultivating farmland, and treating animals kindly. (Molloy 438) B. Final Judgement begins at death when an individuals soul must cross a bridge that can lead to paradise. (Molloy 438) i. If the individual has been good, the bridge is wide and the Journey to paradise is easy; but if the individual has been evil, the bridge becomes so narrow that the soul falls deep into the depths of hell. (Molloy 438) C. There is also a belief in the end of all times. (Molloy 438) i. When the world comes to an end, there will be a resurrection of all bodies and a great general Judgement; at this time the world will be purified by fire, which will punish the evil but leave the good untouched. (Molloy 438) VI. Zoroastrianism has long been a highly ritualistic religion. (Molloy 438) A. A Zoroastrian has the duty to pray five times daily (at sunrise, noon, sunset, midnight, and dawn) in the presence of fire, the symbol of righteousness. (Boyce 247) i. He prays standing, and while uttering the appointed prayers (which include verses from he Gathas) unties and reties the kutsi. Boyce 247) a) The kutsi is a sacred cord, which should be worn constantly. (Boyce 247) B. Ceremonies at death are considered very important and have a double aim: to isolate the impurity of the dead body and give help to the soul. (Boyce 249) i. The body is wrapped into a cotton shroud and carried on an iron bier, and after due prayers by priests, to a stone tower (dakhma), where the polluting f lesh is quickly eaten by vultures and the bones are bleached by sun and wind. (Boyce 249) it. Mourners ollow the bier at a distance, two by two, and afterwards make ablutions. Boyce 249) Works Cited Molloy, Michael. Zoroastrianism. Experiencing the Worlds Religions: Tradition, Challenge, and Change/ Michael Molloy. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2013. 438-439. Print. Boyce, Mary. Zoroastrianism. The Penguin Handbook of the Worlds Living Religions/ Ed. John R. Hinnells. Strand: Penguin Group, 2010. 238-249. Print Hinnells, John. The Cosmic Battle: Zoroastrianism. Eerdmans Handbook to the Worlds Religions/ Ed. R. Pierce Beaver. Herts: Lion Publishing, 1982. 80-87. Print.

Microsoft Word Tips Using Track Changes

Microsoft Word Tips Using Track Changes Microsoft Word Tips: Using Track Changes One trick of the modern proofreader’s trade is the â€Å"Track Changes† function in Microsoft Word. This makes it easier to edit a document, as you can record the changes you make as you go. Track Changes in action. Using Track Changes can also help if you’re editing your own writing. So to help you get going, we’ve prepared this handy guide on how this tool works. Turning on Track Changes In Microsoft Word 2007 or later on PC, the Track Changes tool can be found under the â€Å"Review† tab on the main ribbon. To turn it on, click â€Å"Track Changes† in the â€Å"Tracking† section. The Tracking panel. Any edits you make to your document will then be recorded. How they are displayed depends on your selected markup options (see below). To turn off Track Changes, simply click the button in the review tab again. You can also turn the tracking tool on and off quickly using the shortcut Ctrl + Shift + E. The interface in Word for Mac is a little different, but the Track Changes tool can still be found under the â€Å"Review† tab. The shortcut on the Mac is âÅ'Ëœ + SHIFT + E. Markup Options Microsoft Word allows you to control how changes are displayed based on its markup options. These are controlled via the same â€Å"Tracking† panel on the â€Å"Review† tab as mentioned above. In Word 2013 and later, the markup options available are as follows: Simple Markup – This is the default option. Edits shown with red marks on the left of the page. Clicking these switches you to ‘All Markup’ and displays changes. All Markup – Edits shown within the main text in red. Deleted text is indicated using the strikethrough effect (e.g., deleted text). No Markup – Presents the document in its current state but with no edits displayed. Original – Displays the document as it was before any edits were made. In older editions of Word, the markup options are broadly the same but have different names. You can also control the type of edits displayed in a document (e.g., textual changes, but not formatting) via the menu that appears when you click â€Å"Show Markup† in the â€Å"Tracking† panel. Choosing edits to display. Reviewing and Accepting Edits Once you’ve finished revising a document and turned off Track Changes, you can review the edits made via the â€Å"Changes† panel on the â€Å"Review† tab. To cycle between edits, use the â€Å"Previous† and â€Å"Next† buttons. You can also select edits manually with the cursor by clicking on the change you want to review. Accepting and rejecting changes. After checking each one, you can select either â€Å"Accept† or â€Å"Reject† as required. Alternatively, you can right click the edited text and accept or reject it via the contextual menu. Contextual menu options. You can also choose to â€Å"Accept All Changes† or â€Å"Reject All Changes† by opening a dropdown menu via the â€Å"Accept† and â€Å"Reject† buttons. But make sure you check your work carefully first, as errors can creep in during editing. Accepting all changes.

Interactions of hazardous materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interactions of hazardous materials - Essay Example According to the given incident, the ‘class 8’ label on the tanker shows that the liquid is corrosive (like sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide). The NFPA diamond with a 0 at 12 o'clock, shows that the liquid will not catch fire, a 2 at 3 o'clock shows that the liquid will undergo violent chemical change under normal conditions, a 4 at 9 o'clock shows that the liquid is deadly and it should not be inhaled or allowed to touch a body part under any condition. A slashed W at 6 o'clock depicts that the no water should be allowed to make contact with the chemical under any condition. The chemical will behave violently in contact with water. thus, it is clear from the label that the dripping liquid will nor catch fire but there is a need to maintain a distance between the dripping liquid, as the dripping liquid is vaporizing at normal temperature and pressure and may penetrate into the body through nasal passages and may harm the internal organs like lungs and throat (â€Å"NFPA Labeling Guide†). After viewing the labels and information available on the truck, it is quite clear that the chemical is lethal and probably has an acidic nature. The UN number 1836 identifies that the chemical is ‘Thionyl Chloride’, which is harsh chemical and reacts vigorously in contact with water and alkaline chemicals.

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Business law - Essay Example ent supersedes all prior promises relating to the sale.† This clause acknowledges that previous promises existed but there are now superseded by the new agreement formed. During the cause of the negotiation, the seller creates an implied contract stating that all the properties in the warehouse are to be sold as part of the contract. This means that the warehouse must correspond with the description given which also leads to an implied condition that the warehouse must correspond with the description given. Moreover, if the sale by sample of the warehouse, as well as by description, it is not adequate that the warehouse corresponds with the description. In addition, the companies also engage in a conversation involving the sale of the warehouse whereby the furniture was to be incorporated as part of the sale of the warehouse. In the above case, there is a contract for the sale of the warehouse by description. There is also an implied condition that the warehouse will correspo nd with the description (Newbolt 5). If the furniture is included in the contract as a part of sale of the warehouse and does not include a price tag, the furniture should be taken as part of sale. This is because there was no exemption clause in the contract stating that the furniture was not part of sale of the warehouse. Instead, the impletion created in this case should be that there is an implied contract from the agreement to sell, that the furniture is part of the warehouse and therefore should be sold as part of the warehouse. If the companies do not agree on the price of the furniture, the court can decide the price for them. In such a case, the court can appoint an independent liquidator who wills the property of the company if they do not agree on the price. However, the court intervention in such a case should be the last option. The companies should involve in such a transaction should explore all other alternatives including seeking the services of an independent third party

Root Causes Of Excess Waste Output

Root Causes Of Excess Waste Output In the recent years, it was brought to everyones notice that one in two camels are dying in the desert from consuming plastic bags (Attwood, 2008). Camels being an important part of the culture of the UAE gained significant conservation programs one of which were to reduce plastic bags and eventually ban their usage by the year 2013. Wastes like these are discarded by inhabitants which not only damages the environment, threatens biodiversity, but also causes societal issues. UAE is subjected to a rapid growth in population and an immense development to its environment. These two consistent factors result in generation of excess waste. Throughout the developing phase, UAE has faced the adverse effects of uncontrolled waste dumping. Moreover, the recycling techniques were yet at par, pended with no serious thought. Introduction to a few new waste management practices were laid but they did not seem to be effective due to scarcity of modern techniques (State of the Environment, Abu Dhab i, 2011). To have it recorded for improvement; an official centre for Waste Management activities was opened in different emirates and made responsible for controlling and coordinating waste. Concluding from the report, the UAE has been ranked second in generating massive amount of household waste. The very next items consisted mainly of the construction waste, accounting for dominating the waste mass (Todorova, 2010). The amount of waste per person generated rises with consumption. The waste, however, is not limited to domestic waste but includes the by-products leaving the factories and organizations, as well. The electronic waste (e-waste), medical waste, hazardous waste, demolition and construction waste, marine waste, etc. all are different categories of the general term waste that need to be taken care of. The increase in the UAE population and economic growth has made it more mandatory to overcome the environmental problem with intelligent and safe techniques. Excess of waste disposal in UAE has always been termed as a very groovy task which results in greater effect to the environment. This result in affecting the overall improving living standards of the UAE and international recommendations of the land for quality living. An important thing to note here is that proper disposal of waste is very essential. It is a cycle in which humans use and produce waste; however, the waste is never thrown away but, it finds its way back to the environment and to use via different means such as through the food chain. The reason for choosing this issue is because excess waste generation is a well noted problem around the world. Moreover, it exhibits its importance for sustainable growth and quality living. In addition, it is a growing problem as cities run out of space to dump waste. For instance, Dubai has filled two of its landfill sites and is aiming at zero output of waste by 2030 (Al-Khan, 2012). This issue might make people more aware of the unhygienic activities and would educate them to evaluate the consequences of excessive consumption resulting in waste generation. This discussion is entirely based on socio economic reforms involving strategic development, taking waste management systems into account and their application for reduction. Further more, this discussion could be used to highlight improving methods and gaining responses from the authorities who are responsible for environment protection. Root Causes Of Excess Waste Output It is crucial to understand the root cause of excess waste generation in the UAE. The main causes of excessive waste generation seen in UAE are: increasing the population, increasing the demand and consumption, and advancements of new technology with no proper know-how of disposal. Moreover, from the interview conducted with Mr. John Schneider, who is a contract specialist at The Center of Waste Management, it appears that the leading cause of excess waste generation is the fast developmental stage UAE is in. Abu Dhabi for instance generates the greatest amount of demolition and construction waste in the Abu Dhabi Emirate in relation to Al-Ain and Western Region (The Center of Waste Management Abu Dhabi, 2011). First of all, the population of the UAE has been increasing rapidly since the last few years by the high rate of births and by migration from different countries to the UAE for employment opportunities and high quality of life. The high population increases the consumption of products and materials which in return produces more waste. Second, the materialistic perception and constant attractive advertisements of luxurious life has augmented the demand for many products regardless to whether it is needed for survival. The demand on products makes the producers manufacture more of their products and the increasing rate of expending these products generates more waste. Furthermore, it is not only the utilization of these products that lead to waste generation, but the waste released during the production process, resource acquisition, and unwanted by-products are also leading components of waste in the UAE (Schneider, 2012). Overconsumption is considered a serious problem in UAE that un equivocally makes the production line and imports to intensify and consequently lead to excess generation of waste. Especially the electronic gadgets and quick shift to technology in UAE has lead to more e-waste which is one of the wastes hardest to dispose and get rid of. People in the UAE are discarding gadgets to have latest ones associated with luxurious lifestyle. Lastly, as per the interview with Mr.John Schneider, it appears that Abu Dhabi in particular has a high demolition and construction waste than any other. The reports tell that construction and demolition waste from Abu Dhabi city itself constitutes 85% in the whole Emirates and more than 50 percent in the total daily quantity of waste in the city (The Center of Waste Management Abu Dhabi, 2011). Effects Of Surplus Waste Generation Waste is not just an unpleasant sight but has an awful smell, too; furthermore waste has an adverse effect on our resources if it is not properly dealt with. Not only this, but all kinds of waste can cause health issues in humans, animals, and plants (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). As aforementioned causes show how waste is adding on in our environment, it is important to note the effects it may have on an individual, society and the world if it is not aptly discarded (EDU Green, 2007). 3.1 Individual level: The consequences of excess waste production can affect the human health in two ways: directly or indirectly (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). For instance, toxic gases from the dump areas are likely to pollute the air leading to respiratory issues in inhabitants. UAE has a harsh humid climate that is also favourable for pests, pathogens and, microbial infections. Indirect impacts can be seen when pollutants from wastes in soil decrease the efficiency of soil and influence the feature of crops (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). Moreover, according to what is stated in a news article published in The National, the hazardous waste incineration is endangering human health. The Northern Emirates have been a victim of waste dumping that is not properly managed and is leading to health issues among the residents (Hassan, 2010). 3.2 National level: Excess waste generation day after day leads to additional landfills to be built (Solid waste impacts on human health, 2012). Eventually the city runs out of space to dump waste and exports to other cities (Disposal site , 2012). Dubai, for instance, is running out of space to build more landfills. Two of the already current landfills have been closed as they have exceeded the limit and the other one is expected to last for only seven years time (Al-Khan, 2012). Excess waste output also affects the economy nation-wide. For instance, it was projected in the Green Middle East website that the UAE economy faces a significant loss of about 1.5 billion AED annually as a result of improper recycling (Green Middle East, 2012). 3.3 Global Level It must be comprehended that most waste dumped areas contribute significantly to the green house gases. Methane is one of the most released green house gas from waste sectors contributing to global warming (Waste and Climate Change, 2012). According to a report published by Environment Protection Agency about Global Mitigation of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases, 12% of methane emissions world-wide are from the landfills of municipal solid waste. Furthermore, if nothing is done about it, the emissions will increase by 9% between the year 2005 and 2020 (Environment Protection Agency). Considering this, the UAEs waste output, in relation to its size, is extensive. UAE contributes 22% of household waste to the 22.2 million tones of waste from GCC countries which makes it second highest in waste generation next to Saudia Arabia (Todorova, 2010). Efforts Made By UAE Government The UAE has developed extensively in the past decades; however, this development has not come without a price. According to Mr. John Schneider, to face this national crisis, the municipalities of the emirates have been struggling with drafting strategies and policies. Abu Dhabis Center of Waste Management (WMC) has been lucky in numerous ventures to manage excess waste output. The establishment which effectively has been in operation since 2009 has taken many positive steps such as renewing contracts to companies, taking over the waste management of all the companies in the Emirates as well as pest control (Schneider, 2012). Moreover, it follows standard operational procedures and technical guidelines for collecting and managing waste. WMC endorses and accepts waste energy henceforth; efforts to generate waste energy have been taken up. Also contracts with outsourced recycling facilities have been established to recycle items (Schneider, 2012). UAE government initiated several public awareness campaigns to direct their citizens toward better waste management. One of the waste management campaigns highlighted by Mr. Schneider (2012) was the idea brought up by 11 year old Cameron Oliver who won the Abu Dhabi Award for Everyday Heroes. His idea urges UAE citizens towards a more responsible use of plastic to save desert animals generally and camels especially. Other campaigns were the product of collaboration between nongovernmental organizations and the UAEs government, together they educated the public about the benefits of waste management and the three Rs reduce, reuse, and recycle. In addition, WMC provided various recycling waste pins at eyeshot around the country to facilitate the recycling assignment for the individual citizen (Schneider, 2012). Furthermore, stricter policies and proper implementation by employing inspectors and contract administrators on daily basis have allowed WMC to deal with illegal dumping of wast e (Schneider, 2012). In an attempt to create awareness and deal with extra waste output, the Government of Sharjah installed reverse vending machines that takes in plastic bottles and aluminum cans which can be recycled accompanied by recycling awards via loyalty cards or other prizes through online accounts (Sharjah to Launch UAEs First Reverse Vending Machines, 2012) Another initiative was taken up by the hotels in the UAE by practicing a new technique of waste management where different rooms and suites are given bins with different colors, each for a particular type of waste. The recyclable waste and non-recyclable waste are separated before they end up in the main garbage dump; consequentially, less waste ends up in the landfill thereby improving new green techniques for keeping the environment clean (Todorova, 2012). The Emirate of Abu Dhabi has been looking forward to reduce waste that ends up in landfill. Landfills have been filling up at a very rapid pace which needs to be slowed down. For this reason, Abu Dhabi government has launched recyclable material programs (Schneider, 2012). In addition, numerous companies in UAE are required to register with the tariff regime of the Central Waste Management (Abu Dhabi To Divert 90% Of Waste From Landfills, 2011). Moreover, Abu Dhabi is imposing a fee for few industries that generate excess waste which is not properly managed. This would compel organizations to adopt recycling and reusing as one way of managing their waste (Abu Dhabi Imposes Waste Management Fees, 2012). Understanding the drawbacks of dumping waste in landfill, Ajman has decided to take up on a new strategy. The emirate has planned to build an incineration facility to acquire energy from waste (Todorova, 2010). Mr. Schneider also highlighted about the current recyclable facilities present in Abu Dhabi and Dubai that are active in collecting recyclable materials such as plastic, paper agricultural waste, textiles, demolition waste, and steel. In future, WMC aims to develop ways to recycle agricultural waste in order to use it as an animal feed for the livestock (Schneider, 2012). Recommendations: It should be dually noted that waste cleanup is a lot more expensive than waste prevention. Following are some other methods that can be used to resolve this issue: 5.1 Individual Level Every individual makes a difference. If every individual changes his habits and actions, collectively, they can bring a huge change in any sector of the society. Citizens should refrain from littering around and throw the trash in proper trash cans. They should prefer buying recyclable and biodegradable products and dispose of recyclable items in the proper recyclable bins. Spread the word, inform, and educate others about this issue. Re-use as much as possible, including bottles and plastic bags 5.2 National Level Governments should do their level best to provide awareness campaigns and advertisements informing the public of the disastrous consequences of excess waste and garbage (Schneider, 2012). Provide recycle bins all over the region Place taxes and fines on companies that produce extra waste above acceptable rate (Schneider, 2012). In addition to enacting laws to stop public littering (Schneider, 2012). Subsidize organic and biodegradable products. Invest in research to study microbial action on breakdown of waste or using waste to release energy (Schneider, 2012). Provide benefits, rewards, and privileges to those industries that best recycle their excess waste and/ or most efficiently convert the waste into energy. 5.3 Global Level: Well developed countries could initiate projects where industries coming from poorly developed countries can market materials that are secondary at a price paid per tonne. A recycling business venture can not only add to the economic system boosting international relations but also improve the environment, on the whole (Bhada-Tata Hoornweg, 2012). Moreover, UAE can enter a legally binding protocol with the neighboring countries such as Bahrain, Iran, Qatar, etc to regulate what waste enters the Persian Gulf since it shares common borders. Well developed countries can assist developing nations by financing proper management of waste. E-waste that is exported to less developed nations should be minimized and proper ways of disposal need to be looked into when manufacturing the product in the first place. Trading substances that are non-biodegradable and persistent in the environment should be stopped or the custom charges should be increased in order to discourage their supply and demand. VI. Conclusion In summary, from the research conducted and insight of Mr. John Schneider, it is quite obvious that UAE is suffering from excess waste output. It also is highlighted that UAE generates tones of waste that is dumped in landfills, mostly. However, the leaders of the UAE are well acquainted with this devastating cycle of waste generation and have adopted ways to deal with it. Nevertheless, this mission of zero-waste output cannot be achieved nationally unless every citizen makes an effort. With collective decrease in consumption and methods of managing waste such as reusing and recycling, UAE can contribute globally to the world in minimizing hazards of waste output.

Socrates :: essays research papers

As we read in the Apology, Socrates was on trial because he was thought to be a wise man who taught his views to the youth. Being wise was an illegal behavior during his time. He was accused of making weaker arguments the stronger. Knowing none of these accusations to be true, Socrates told the jury what he believed to be true. When found guilty of such accusations Socrates did let it be known he did not fear death. As a philosopher he questioned the purity of everything, and of course the heavens were not overlooked. He wondered if after death there was a great place where all who have passed go and live an even better life than known to us on earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He also wondered if death was a blessing. Not clearly knowing what happens after death, he thought one of two theories would occur. There was either a relocation for the soul in another place with an all new life, or the body was nothing and had no perception of anything once departed. Socrates viewed both situations as good, so a blessing it would be indeed. He then thought if it was like a state of dreamless sleep, death would be an advantage. Thus, think of the best sleep you ever had and did not dream at all. Also think of the mornings you do not want to wake up cause you know the upcoming day entails hard work and minimal pleasures. Socrates thought not many days were as good as this occasional great sleep. If death was as great as this, he thought there was nothing to fear. He also thought that if they were to go on to a different place after death, this as well, would also be great. Given the ability to once again see the people who have passed into this gr eat place.

Cultures of the new world Essay

When the New World was discovered, Native American peoples had spread throughout North and South America. Often they were hunter/gatherers, but they had established various civilizations. The Europeans considered themselves far superior to these natives, and European arrival invariably led to native peoples being subjected to European rule. The Europeans brought superior weapons such as fire-arms, and diseases, which took an appalling toll on native peoples. Native peoples were often unable to assimilate themselves to European culture, and fell into ongoing conflict with the Europeans, resulting in the decimation of native tribes or their relegation to lands beyond a widening sphere of European control. Native Americans’ most lasting contributions were two food crops that reshaped of European farming: corn and potatoes. At the time they settled the New World, Europeans were feeling the effects of the Renaissance and the Reformation. Spain had emerged from centuries of division to become a united country. Portugal was trying to emerge as a sea power and a mercantile power, taking advantage of the slave trade. England was breaking free of continental control and experiencing the remarkable flowering of the Tudor-Stuart period. Open realizing the vast extent of the New World, the Europeans rushed to establish colonial settlements. These colonies reflected the cultures from which they were sent. The Portugese colonies in Brazil were marked by the depredations of slavery. Spanish colonies reveled in the wealth they found in many parts of the New World. English colonists carried their traditions of self-government and sturdy habits to their new colonies. The result has been the Europeanization of the New World. From Mexico south, the region is Latin America, reflecting the pervasive influence of Spanish and Portugese control throughout central and South America. The United States and Canada remain more English in their orientation, and America has become the ultimate cultural imperialists. Although the Europeans discovered the New World while trying to reach Asia, Asia remained largely unaffected by the discovery and settlement of the New World. The Chinese had apparently sailed to the Americas several centuries earlier, but had found nothing that they felt warranted continued contact. The Japanese were about to enter their two-centuries-long isolation. The various peoples of southeast Asia, whose spices had been one of the key goals of the Europeans, remained oblivious to what went on in the New World. It would be the mid-nineteenth century before large scale emigration to the Americas would increase contact, and this would be followed by American laws excluding Asians. Because of the very limited contact that the Asians had with the Americas during the period of European exploration and settlement, Asia had very little direct influence on the Americas. Its indirect influence shows in the fact that the native Americans were called as Columbus dubbed them, Indians. At the time Europeans were settling the New World, sub-Saharan Africa was divided into various kingdoms. Wars among these were common, as was the practice of seizing enemy tribal peoples and selling them as slavery. As Europeans found that Native Americans did not survive well in slavery, they quickly found advantages to importing slaves from Africa, and a flourishing trade in humans began which would last until the nineteenth century. Slaves in America often worked long hours under conditions in which death was commonplace, prompting a need for the continual importation of more slaves. The result of this importation has been the profound legacy of racism that continues to wrack communities from the United States throughout Latin America. SOURCE: â€Å"The Age of Exploration. † (Undated). HistoryTeacher. net. Retrieved January 31, 2007, from . Internet.

Personal Statement On Team Rules - 1365 Words

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